Australia: Facts & Stats

TRANSPORTATION

Roads:

Australia has the second highest level of car ownership in the world. It has three to four times more road per capita than Europe and seven to nine times more than Asia. Australia also has the third highest per capita rate of fuel consumption in the world. Perth, Adelaide and Brisbane are rated among the most car-dependent cities in the world, with Sydney and Melbourne close behind. Furthermore, the distance travelled by car (or similar vehicle) in Australia is among the highest in the world, being exceeded by USA and Canada.

There are 3 different categories of Australian roads:

• Federal Highways
• State Highways
• Local Roads

The road network comprises a total of 913,000 km broken down into:

• Paved: 353,331 km (including 2,863.2 km of expressways)
• Unpaved: 559,669 km (1996 estimate)
• Expressways Under Construction: 267.6 km

The majority of road tunnels in Australia have been constructed since the 1990s to relieve traffic congestion in metropolitan areas, or to cross significant watercourses.

Railroads:

The railway network is large, comprising a total of 33,819 km (2,540 km electrified) of track: 3,719 km broad gauge, 15,422 km standard gauge, 14,506 km narrow gauge and 172 km dual gauge. Rail transport started in the various colonies at different dates. Privately owned railways started the first lines, and struggled to succeed on a remote, huge, and sparsely populated continent, and government railways dominated. Although the various colonies had been advised by London to choose a common gauge, the colonies ended up with different gauges.

Inter-state rail services

The Great Southern Railway, owned by Serco Asia Pacific, operates three trains: the Indian Pacific (Sydney-Adelaide-Perth), The Ghan (Adelaide-Alice Springs-Darwin), and The Overland (Melbourne-Adelaide). NSW owned CountryLink services link Brisbane, Canberra and Melbourne via Sydney. Since the extension of the Ghan from Alice Springs to Darwin was completed in 2004, all mainland Australian capital cities are linked by standard gauge rail, for the first time.

Intra-state and city rail services

There are various state and city rail services operated by a combination of government and private entities, the most prominent of these include V/Line (regional trains and buses in Victoria); Connex Melbourne which operates the Melbourne rail network; RailCorp operating all passenger rail services in New South Wales including (CityRail and CountryLink);Queensland Rail (QR) operating Traveltrain and the Citytrain network, South-East Queensland's commuter railway network under the TransLink scheme, and Transwa operating train and bus services in Western Australia.

Metro

Major cities in Australia do not have full-fledged underground systems. Melbourne's system is partially underground, as is Sydney's. Both cities are planning to construct more extensive metro systems.

Mining railways

Four heavy-duty mining railways carry iron ore to ports in the northwest of Western Australia. These railways carry no other traffic, and are isolated by deserts from all other railways. The lines are standard gauge and are built to the heaviest US standards.

In 2006, a fifth iron ore railway is proposed by the Fortescue Metals Group, while a sixth common carrier railway is proposed to serve the port of Oakajee just north of Geraldton.

Cane railways

In Queensland about 15 sugar mills have narrow gauge (2 ft (610 mm) gauge) cane tramways that deliver sugar cane to the mills.

Aviation:

Airlines:

• Qantas
• Jetstar (subsidiary)


• Virgin Blue


• Tiger Airways Australia

There are many airports around Australia paved or unpaved. A 2004 estimate put the number of airports at 448. The busiest airports in Australia are:

• Sydney Airport
• Melbourne Airport
• Brisbane Airport
• Perth Airport
• Adelaide Airport
• Cairns International Airport
• Gold Coast Airport
• Canberra International Airport
• Hobart International Airport
• Avalon Airport
• Darwin International Airport

Airports with paved runways

Total: 305

• Over 3,047 m (10,000 ft): 10
• 2,438 to 3,047 m (8,000 to 10,000 ft): 12
• 1,524 to 2,437 m (5,000 to 8,000 ft): 131
• 914 to 1,523 m (3,000 to 5,000 ft): 139
• Under 914 m (3,000 ft): 13 (2004 estimate)

Airports with unpaved runways

Total:143

• 1,524 to 2,437 m (5,000 to 8,000 ft): 17
• 914 to 1,523 m (3,000 to 5,000 ft): 112
• Under 914 m (3,000 ft): 14 (2004 estimate)

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